The change was made to reduce the high rankings of content farms on the search engine result pages (SERPs) and to move sites with quality content up in the rankings. And it worked.
Why Did Google Do This?
In short: user feedback. Customers complained that sites with poor quality content ranked too high on Google pages. Content farms such as Associated Content, Wisegeek.com, and Mahalo.com were targeted for ranking reductions, and they took big hits. Companies with websites that "gamed" Google (and were good at it) ranked high, and Google fixed that.
The plan was to reduce the rankings of sites with duplicate content and low quality content – those with a low ratio of content to ads, and those that were identified with "poor user experience."